Originally, the province of Nueva Ecija had only one Provincial Agrarian Reform Office, then called as Nueva Ecija Provincial Agrarian Reform Office (NEPARO).  The establishment of the NEPARO, among others,  was directed under Section 25 of Executive Order No. 129-A, dated July 26, 1987. This same Section  abolished the then Agrarian Reform District Offices which were about 15  years  earlier under Republic Act No. 6389 of 1971. As an office, the NEPARO, among others, has been mandated to promote efficiency and effectiveness in the delivery of  services relating  to the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program.

However,  given the very large land distribution scope of the entire NEPARO (approximately 40% of Region III's scope of more than 300,000 hectares), it was split into two offices in year 1993.  One of these is DAR North Nueva Ecija which has for its jurisdiction the areas embraced by congressional districts I and II. The  other one is DAR South Nueva Ecija which, in turn, encompasses the cities and municipalities located in congressional districts III and IV.